Screw making and turning machine



Sept.

L. K. BRAREN SCREW MAKING ND TURN 1N6 MACHINE Filed Nov. 28. 1922 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 am b m r a R a r0 MA T Sept. 21,1021. LIK. BRAREN 35 SCREW MAKING AND TURNING MACHINE m ts-Sheei 2 Lerenz Konrad Braren INVENTORS lg l ' JQ-Ammy.

Sept. 27; 1921. 1,643,635

D K. BRAREN SCREW IAKING AND TURNING MACHINE Sept.

1927 L. K. BRAREN SCREW MAKING AND TURNING MACHINE- 1922 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed NOV. 28

L. K. BRAREN SCREW MAKING AND TURNING MACHINE Sept. 27, 19270 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 28. 1922 Lorefiz Kan rad Braren INVE NTOR AAMJ Mfomey L. K. BRAREN SCREW MAKING AND TURNING MACHINE Sept. 27, 1927;

Filed Movies, 1922 10 Sheets-Sheet k6 Y a H Loreni Konrad Brnren INVENTOR;

Sept.

1927 L. K. BRAREN SCREW MAKING AND TURNING MACHINE Fil N V- 28. 1922 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 Lorenz Konrucl Bra-Fen INVENTOR;

Ammcy.

v K. BRAREN SCREW MAKING AND TURNING IACHINE I 7 Filed Nov. 28. 1922 10 sheets-sheet 9 INYINTOR;

Loren z Kcm rad Brave n Sept. l

L. K. BRAREN SCREW'HAKING AND TURNING MACHINE I Filed Nov. 28. 1922 i 10 Sheets- -Sheet l0 Lorenz Knracl Braren INVENTOR; Wkwlb Patented Sept. 27, 1927.

UNITED STATES r 1,643,635 PATENT OFFICE.

LORENZ KONRAIlJ BRAREN, F MUNICH, GERNIANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM FRIED- RICH DECKEL, FABRIK Fill PRAZISIONSMECHANIK UND MASCHINENBAU, OF

MUNICH, GERMANY;

SCREW MAKING AND TURNING MACHlINE.

Appli'cation filed November 28, 1922, Serial No. 633,871, and in Germany December 17, 1921.

This invention relates to improvements in screw making and turning machines, and particularly to that class of machines known as automatic screw machines, which machines are characterized by producing automatically screws, studs, pins, rollers, 'nuts, formed parts and the likefrom a bar of material or a wire completing 1 as a rule one part for each revolution of the main cam shaft. The tool holders I prefer to use are pivoted and swing towards the bar of material under the action of the various cams, the invention of course may be applied just well to machines using tool holders in the form of slides.

An important object of this invention is the arrangement of cutting means with the feeding mechanism in such a way that these cutting means move forward together with the material and that during the feeding period they can be operatingradially towards the center of the material as for instance cut off and form tools, while other tools not connected with the feeding mechanism may swing into the material'and perform turning operations. A support for the bar of material notpartaking of the axial movements of the feeding mechanism has been provided close to the cutting tools.

I also provide means for regulating the movement of the feeding mechanism in such a way that it is not only possible to produce with one set of cams, screws, studs, etc., with different total length but these parts may be made also with heads or turned portions of varying length.

Another object of this invention is the provision of means for changing the amount of movement of the swinging tool carriers without changing cams.

rinother important part of this invention is a thread cutting mechanism constructed adjustable to advance the die or tap according to the lead and means for reversing instantaneously the relative movement between main spindle and threading spindle and for pulling the threading tool back at the same moment. t

The above and various other improvements will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Some of the features shown and described, but. not claimed in this application are shown. described and claimed in my copending applicationsfiled June 4, 1924, and Oct.

6, 1924, and serially numbered 717,713, 717,714 and 741,913 respectively.

In order that this my invention may be ried into practical effect.

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the machine,

Fig. 2 is a. front elevation of the machine proper without the standand motor drive. Fig. 3 is a top plan View of the machine, the turning tool holder being broken off. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the machine in section on the main spindle line. a section through a spring collet. Fig. 6 is a section through the right hand end of the machine'on the auxiliary camshaft line looking in the same direction as in Figure 4 Fig. 7 is a top sectional view of the feed actuating slide. Fig 8 is a side View of the same slide partly in section. Fig. 9 is an elevation of the gear case looking from the r ght hand side, the cover and the drive clutch mechanism having been removed. Fig. 10 is a horizontal.section through the gear case with the feed actuating slide taken off. Fig. 11 is an end elevation of the machine from the right hand side partly in section the gear case having been removed. 12 shows the machine looking from the left hand side with the threading mechanism removed. Fig. 13 is an end elevation of the threading mechanism looking from the left hand side. Fig. 14 is a section through the oil= pump and the. lubricating arrangement. Fig. 15 is a section through the oil pump at right angles to Figure 14. Fig. 16,.is a rear elevation of part ofthe machine, with the drive clutch andthe threading mechanism taken off. Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the drive clutch engaging lever. Fig. 18 is Fig. 5 is a view of the clutch on the auxiliary cam shaft. Fig. 19 shows the provision for lubricating the main spindle and Fig. 20 the bearing of the main spindle. Fig. 21

shows the spring barrel for the threading mechanism. Figs. 22 and 23 give two views of the levers actuating the swinging arm of the slottingmechanism. Figs. 24 to 40 show the parts produced in the machine. Fig. 41 is a top view of the adjustable guides for the threading mechanism.

Referring to the drawings in which like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts wherever occurring, the driving pulley 12 of the machine proper receives its motion through a belt 8 from the motor pulley 11. (Fig. 1.) The motor 1 is fas tened to a base plate 2, swinging on a pin 3 which is held in a bracket 4 screwed to the stand 5 of the machine. A spring 6 carries part of the weight of the motor base with motor and can be adjusted through screw 7, regulating thereby the tension of belt 8. The oil pump pulley 10 is located in such a way that it is actuated by belt 8, the idler 9 giving a greater are of contact.

Pulley 12 with webs for guiding the belt sideways is formed on the inside to mate with a cone, clutch 13, which is fastened rigidly through a key and a screw 14 to the dri e shaft 15. (See Fig. 4.) A handwheel 16 for turning the machine by hand is fastened to the cone clutch 13. The hub of pulley 12 is bored to turn and slide freely on the outside of-bushing 17 which latter is pressed into a hub of the cover 18 of the gear box 19. Spring 20 tends to hold the coupling out of engagement, a thrust plate 21 being interposed between the spring 20 and the cone clutch 13.-

A handle 22 for starting the machine is pivoted on a pin 27 which is fastened in a lug 23 of the gear case cover 18. (Figs. 2, 3 and 10.) Lever 24 (see Fig. 17), also pivoting on pin 27, is forked to reach out over the hub of pulley 12 and carries two sliding shoes 26 fitting in a groove provided in the hub. On the opposite side the lever 24 extends with plate like portions 24 over and under the handle 22, a part 28 connecting these two plates together. Pin 30 fastened in handle 22 passes. through a slot in the top plate of the lever 24 and limits the movement of the handle 22 and the lever 24 inxelation to each other, a spring 29 tending to force them apart. A nose 31 is formed on the end of the lever 31 which is pivoted to a lug of the gear case 19 and can hook under a. plate 32 fastened to the handle 22. A spring 33fpulls the lever 31 up against the plate 32.

In order to engage the driving pulley 12 with the cone clutch. v13 the handle 22 is pushed towards the left until the nose 31 on the lever31 under the action of the spring can-snap upwards and hook in back of the end of the plate 32 preventing thus the return of the handle 22. The lever 24 moves together with handle 22 until pulley 12 has bcenbrought into contact with the clutch member 13. ;A further movement of the handle 22 compresses the spring 29 and this s ring pressure furnishes the. necessary coupling pressure. In order to keep the coefficient of friction in the cone clutch constant a lubricant retainer 13 has been fastened to pulley 12. To stop the machine it is only necessary to push nose 31 downward because the spring 29 returns pulley 13, lever 24 and handle 22 to nonrunning position.

To stop the machine automatically after a rod of material has been used up, a lever 35 is pivoted inside of the ear case and provided with a hole 36 for t e passage of the material. (Fig. 9.) As soon as the end of the rod has passed through this hole, the spring 37 pulls the lever 35 down and an arm 35 of this lever, protruding through a slot in the gear case 19 towards the outside, lifts 'by means of a chain 34' the arm 38 of the lever 31 thereby disengaging the plate 32 and freeing the driving clutch.

The drive shaft 15 transmits the movement from the clutch member 13 by means of a fluted portion to two gears 39 and 40 and finds a bearing in the bushing 17 on the one end and in a bore of gear 39 at the other end, the hub of this ear being journaled in and extending through a hub 43 of the gear case 19. (Fig. 4.) A washer 45 and a collar 44 fastened to the hub of gear' 39 fix the axial position of the latter, while a collar 41 pinned to the shaft 15 and a thrust washer 42 hold the gear 40 and the shaft 15 against axial movement. By this arrangement shaft 15 and the complete clutch mechanism can be removed together with the gear case cover 18, facilitating thus the changing of the gears.

The intermediary shaft 47, which also drives the slitting saw mechanism, receives its motion through a gear 46 in mesh with gear 39. Main shaft extending through the length of the machine and driving the material and tlie'tlireading spindle is connected to the intermediary shaft 47 through change gears 48 and 49. Another pair of change gears 51 and 52 drives a shaft 53 which is journaled in bushings located in the gear case 19 and the cover 18. (See also Figs. 6 and 9.) A miter gear 54 fast ned to the shaft53 turns the Worm shaft 57through the miter gear 55 which is an integral portion of this shaft. Worm shaft 57 is journaled in a lug 56 and. a bearing 56 of the gear case 19 the thrust being taken up by a ball bearing 58 through a screw fastened in shaft 57. A plate 59 closes the opening in the hub 56 of the gear case 19. A worm gear 60 is fastened on cam shaft 61 and stands in engagement with worm 57.

By this arrangement the speed of the intermediary shaft 47 driving the slitting saw remains constant while the speed of the main shaft 50 and therewith the speed of the material and threading spindle is varied through the change gears 48 and 49 while the speed of the cam shaft 61 in relation to the speed of the main shaftischanged through. the gears 51 and 52.

In order 'to perform very quickly any noncutting operations as for instance removing the cut off tool out of the path of the material, pulling back the feeding mech-- anism for operating on the next part and advancing that portion of the part, which is chronously with the main cam shaft, twogears 63 and 69 are providechof which gear 63 is driven by the slowly rotating cam shaft 61 through gear 62 while gear 69 is rotated by the fast running drive shaft 15 through gear 10 and the :auxiliaryfcam shaft is coupled alternately with these two gears 63 and 69. The clutch67, disposed between the gears 63 and 69, is mounted 'slidingly on but fixed rotatably to shaft 65 by means of a pin 72 which is driven into shaft 65 and located in slots cut into the clutch. Two notches spaced at 180? are cut into one face of the clutch 67 and two corresponding noses 66 integral with gear 63 fit therein, while clutch teeth 68 have been cut into the opposite face and mate with teeth out into the hub of the gear 69-. Gear 63 is journaled. with a hub in a bearing of the gear case 19. a collar 6-1 holding it against axial.

movement. Similarly gear 69 finds a bearmg m the gear ease cover 18 with a collar 70 preventing axial play. Thrust ball bearings are interposed between the gear 69 and the eover 18 and the gear 69 and a collar 73 in order to take up the spring pressure exerted on the collar 73 by the nose 77 fa'stened'to a lever 7 4 This lever His pivoted to a hub in the gear case 19 and stands under the influence of a spring 75. Two fork like ends of lQVfl' 7et reach over and under clutch 67 and carry two rollers 76, which come into contact with a rim on clutch 67, when the nose 77, which is fastened 'to the lower arm of the fork. drops into a recess 78 cut into the face of the collar 73. and throw, actuated by spring 75, the clutch 67 into mesh with the gear 69. The collar 73 is fastened by the pin.72 to the auxiliary cam shaft 65 and both rotate in unison with the clutch 67.

Rotating in direction of the arrow after the nose 77 has dropped into the recess 78, a gradual slope on the backside of this recess pushes the nose 77 and the lever- 7 4 with the rollers 76 back to theoriginal position. Spring 71 which is disposed. around shaft 65 tends "now to throw clutch 67 out of mesh with gear 69 and back into engagement with gear 63 but cannot effect this movement until the notches in the clutch coincide with the two noses 66 on gear 63, which occurs .mately half a revolutionslow, being coupled with the main cam shaft 61 and half a revolution fast in engagement with the drive shaft 15. Actually it moves somewhat more than 180 fast, because the slowly running gear 63 progresses also a certain distance during the fast movement of the clutch 6T. Supposing a different number of noses 66 have 'beenchosen, the ratio, between the gears 62 and 63 and between the fast and the slow movement of the shaft 65 must change correspondingly.

The cam 82 for. controlling the feed movements and the cam 83 for-the cut off tool are located on the auxiliary cam shaft 65, a fluted portion of the shaft 65 fitting in cam body 81. A flat spring 80 which may be swung out of the way but is held in position by a conical pin 80 entering the center of shaft- 65 prevents 'any endwise movement of this shaft. In this way the cam body 81 can be readily removed. Two cam plates 82 and 82 are formed integral withthe cam body The cut off cam 83 is secured rigidly to 81. the cam body 81. I

A Slide 84, controlling the feeding mechanism is moved upwards by the cam 82 and downwards by the cam 28, the rollers 85 and 86 transmitting the movement. To reduce friction balls 89 held in retaining plates are arranged on both sides in V grooves of the slide 84 and in similar V grooves of the blocks 87 and 88 which are fastened to suitable faces of extending arms of the gear case casting-19. The movement of the ball retaining plates 90 is limited at the bottom by stop plates 94 and. on the top by the cover 91; I to lugs of the gear case 19 and is held down by a thumb screw 93 which is fitted so as to enable the operator to swing the cover back after loosening the screw a quarter of a turn. a slot in the cover plate 91 letting the flat head of the screw 93 pass through. (Fig. 11.) For guiding the feed mechanism actuating arm 111, there is provided a plate 91 on the cover 91. The movement is transmittedfrom the slide 84 to the arm 111 by a roller 98 turning on a stud 108 which is fastened to an extending part 110 of the arm 111, a

The latter is pivoted on pin 92 washer 109 being interposed in back of the roller.

The movement of the slide 84 is translae ferred to the roller 98 through two adjust-' studs 100 and 101 have a square body fitting into sl ots 102 and 103 of the slide 84 and are adjusted sideways by means of screws 104 and 105. These screws are secured against end movement by two locknuts 106. The heads of the adjusting screws 104 and 105 are graduated like a micrometer barrel a-reading mark being provided on the rear face of the slide 84. (See Fig. 16.) The washers 107 are milled 01f sideways to fit into the slots 102 and 103 and both carryreading marks which together with a scale 108 on. the rear face of the slide 84 facilitate the adjustment of the guide blocks 96 and 97. After the setting has been completed the guides are pulled down tight to the slide 84 by the nuts on the studs 100 and 101. The curves of the cams 82 and 82 are formed so that during the slow movement of the auxiliary cam shaft the roller 98 is pushed sideways by the lower guide block 97 moving upwards, while during the fast movement of the auxiliary cam shaft, the roller 98 stands under the influence of both guide blocks moving downwards and of the upper one 96 moving upwards. Therefore, in setting the guide blocks, the upper screw 104 has to be adjusted until the height of the head of the part to be manufactured plus the thickness of the cut oil tool are indicated on the upper scale, while the total length of a j the part plus the thickness of the cut off tool determines the adjustment of the lower screw 105.

The feed mechanism actuating arm 111 which is rotatably mounted on the bushing 112 transmits the axial movement impressed upon it by the slide 84 to the bushing 114 by means of a gooseneck arm 113 extending around bushing 114 and fitting with twokeylike projections into a groove 115 of said bushing. The latter slides in a bushing 117 pressed into a hub of gear case 19. The bushing 114 is prevented from turning by a key 118. A tubular part 119 fits rotatably into the bore of the bushing 114 and is held axially by a washer 120 and two lock nuts 121. Longitudinal holes with felt inserts in v the walls of the bushing 114 insure a good lubrication. Another tubular member 122 is screwed over the enlarged end of the part 119 and is slidingly located in a bore of the main spindle 123, a kev preventing rotation.

Part 119 serves as a retainer for three steel balls 124 which fit easily between the faces of the parts 119.and 122 and rest in grooves cut with an incline onto the three jaws of a spring collet 125 which is slidingly located in a bore of the part 122 and pressed by a spring 126 towards the rear, making thus the balls roll up on the inclined grooves, close the jaws of the collet, and grip the rod of material 127. The parts just described are the complete feeding mechanism.

Working together with the feeding mechanism there is provided a material holding springcollet 128, with three balls 129 working in similar inclined grooves of the collet jaws, a spring 130 for closing the jaws and a ball retainer 132. Part 132 is screwed onto the nose of the main spindle 123. A

cap 134 serves for holding the balls in place.

A- nut 131, screwed to the end of the spring collet 128 helps to guide the collet in the bore of the main spindle 123, while the bushing 133 serves the same purpose for the retainer 132 into which it is pressed.

The bar of material 127 is guided loosely on its entrance into the machine in the bushing 135. Guide bushings 136 and 137 are pushedinto the ends of the spring collets 125 and 128 and serve especially for steadying material of small diameter. All bushingsan'd collets through which the rod of material is passing are countersunk on the entering side.

The two spring collets are arranged in such a manner that the material may pass through them readily in the feeding direction because end pressure in this direction is transmitted by friction to the collet, releasing the balls and allowing the material to slide through easily. Any end pressure in the opposite direction however forces the balls tighter onto the jaws increasing the grip on the material in ratio with the end pressure, with suitable inclination of the grooves locking the rod entirely.

The whole feeding process therefore reuires only a movement back and forth of t e spring collet 125, which is accomplished by the guide pieces 96 and 97 as previously described. The material is always held securely by one of the collets thus insuring an exact and uniform feed.

For a different size of material the spring collets of course must be exchanged. The collet 128 may be replaced readily by unscrewing the ball retainer 132 from the main spindle 123 and removing the collar 131 by the screw driver slot in the rear. To exchange the spring'collet 125, the cover 91 is swung out of the way 111 free.

The keylike projections on arm 111, fitting into the groove 115, can now be swung out giving the key 116 of the arm 144 in hubs of the main central portion of the main spindle teeth 139.

which latter is space at the center.

'161 are arranged through the bushing 135.

To prevent any end movement of the main spindle 123, there have been provided two bearings 141 and 143 with a tapering bore of which the former is pressed into, while the second is held adjustablyby two screws frame 142. On the hr ve been out, which stand in engagement with a gear 140. This gear is driven by a fluted portion of the main shaft 50 and sup ported bytwo bearings 147 and 148 with similar tapering bores as the bearings 141 and 143 have. Bearing 147 with a tubular extension 149 is pressed into a hub of the main frame 142, while the bearing 148 also with a tubular extension 152 is adjustably located by a screw fastened in a bushing 150, held in place by a set sogew The lubricant taken up by the gears 139 and 140 is thrown off against the faces of the bearings and caught by oil grooves 145, which are milled with-a wide opening on the side towards the gears, and led to oil holes 146 connecting with spiral oil grooves 153 on the tapered ends of the main spindle 123. (See also Figs. 19 and 20.) The spirals on both ends are cut in opposite direction in order to pump the lubricant back tothe oil To prevent the lubricant, which is thrown in large volume onto the material and the cutting tools, from being thrown off by the fast rotating spindle an oil guard 154 is pushed into a corresponding recess in the bearing 141,- a T slot being cut into the oil guard to effect a slightly springing action. a a

Moving endwise together with the feeding mechanism there is arranged a cut off tool carrier 1 55 andan arm 156, which is clamped over an end of this carrier by two screws 157, whereby a certain adjustment of the tool carrier 155 is made possible. (Sec 'Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 11.) The arm 156 is cut out to fit over the bushing 112 on both'sides ot' the feed actuating arm 111 with two hall thrust bearings 158 interposed. Screws, 159 clamp the split sides 112. A series of balls 160 in a ball retainer between the bushing 112 and the tubular extension the friction and also the thickness of the oil film, whereby the precision of the movements is enhanced considerably. In a similar way another series of balls 162, for the bushing 164 to slide and turn on, is placed in a retainer 163 around the tubular. extension 149. The bushing 164 is cut off-tool carrier on'the same bush'ng is a. form tool carrier sliding on the circumference.

tight to the bushing.

152, reducing thuspresse'd'into a hub of the 155. Rotatably mounted 165, lock nuts 166 and washers preventing undue end movement. To prevent chips from enterin 'into' thespace around the balls cover plates 167 and 168 are fastened to both ends of the bushing 164.

The radial movement ofthe cut off tool carrier is controlled by the cam 83, anadjustable nose 169 with a wedge shaped end (Fig. 11.) h'is nose- 169 is located in an arm 170 of a rocker frame 171 which turns on two pintle screws 172 and 173, lugs being provided for them on the main frame 142. A roller 17 4,'

which is mounted on a bushing 175, can be adjusted towards and away from the fulicrum'of the rocker frame 171 by means of a threaded stud 176 a nut 177 locking after adjustment. An extension 1780f the arm 156 carries .a hardened plate 179 for contacting with the roller 174. A spring 180 is located in a barrel 181 and presses a plunger 182 against. the arm 178 causingthereby-the rocker frame 171 and the cut off tool carrier 155 to follow the curvature of the cam 83; To reducefriction between the spring plunger182 and the arm 178, when moving the cutjoflt'v tool carrier endways, a ball 183 resting on three smaller balls is inserted in the plunger 182, a plate 184 proventing the balls from dropping out ofthe recess.

With the arrangement of operations as usually followed in this machine, the cut off tool is operating continuously, excepting of course the small amount of time consumed during the. fast movement of the auxiliary cam shaft, when the tool'is pulled back and shifted together with the feeding mechanism. \Vith the adjustable roller 174'mounted on a rocker frame, which is interposed between the cam and the tool carrier, it is thereforepossible to use one and the same cam for all different kinds of pieces by varying only the movement of the cut 06 tool according to the diameter of the rod of material.

The circular cut off tool 185. 0f course a flat tool might be used as well with a correspondingly difi'erent holderis fastened to a tool holder 186. (Figs. 3 and 12.) This holder is located on a stud 187 which passes through a lug of the slide 189 and-can be the former is threaded in a. plate 184 and rests with the point against" the carrier 155, the latter 193 is threaded into the carrier 155 pulling the slide 189 towards the center.

applies also to the other tool imam-s... (Figs. 2, 3, 12 and 16.). The form tool holder 194 adjusted in and out by twocheck nuts 188. Adjustment of The description of the cut oil toolholder is mounted on a carrier 165 and a turning tool holder 195 on a carrier 1.96, which latter is pivoted on a stud 197 pressed into the main frame 142, two check nuts 198 taking up any axial play. 1 The turning tool in this way is axially fixed, while the other two tool holders move together with the feeding mechanism. A nose 199 is fastened to the carrier 196 and is held by a spring 200 spindle as chosen the threading spindle must run faster than the main spindle for thrust washers 214 being provided.

cutting-a right hand thread and slower or stop for running the die' or tap oil the work. For left hand threading on the other hand the threading spindle must run slower for cutting and faster for running off.

The whole thread mechanism is mounted on a bracket 208 which is fastened b screws to a seat of the main frame 142 an removed as a unit. (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 13. The tubular part 149 is supported in a hu 209 of the bracket 208 and extends throu h it to furnish a pivot for a bushing 205 of t e spindle carrier. An arm210 is screwed to the bracket 208 and has a bore in line with the hub 209, this bore providing a bearing for a bushing 211 which is pressed into the spindle carrier. The spindle carrier consists of two parts 206 and 207, which are bolted together and mounted rotatably on the axis of the main shaft 50 and held sideways by the hub 209 and the arm 210. A drivin gear 204 is located between the halves of the spindle carrier 206 and 207 and turns with a hub in the bushing 205. Thus it is possible to remove the main shaft 50, which drives the gear 204 by a flute-d portion, without disturbing the location of the gear. Spindle gear 212 finds a bearing in the bushing 213, I On the opposite side the gear 212 is bored out to mate with a cone clutch 215, which latter extends as a tubular part through the bearing 216 of the spindle carrier half 207. A collar 217 fastened to the end of the tubular cone clutch 215 transmits any rotative movement to the threading spindle 218 two key like projections fitting slidingly in grooves of the spindle. The threading spindle 218 slides in the end of the tubular extension of the cone clutch 215 and slides and rotates in the bushing 213. For cutting an external thread the die holder 219, with the die 220 held to it by a threaded cap 221, is provided with a threaded part, over which the locking nut 222 is screwed pressing in this way the slotted prongs of the holder 219 tight to the can ha spindle 218, permitting an easy way of adjustme-nt. For gripping a tap, a drill or similar tool a chuck resembling the die holder is employed. A spring 223, arranged in the space between the spindle 218-"and the cone clutch 215, tends to holdthe latter in engagement with the gear 212. The threadmg spindle rotates during the period'of engagement faster than the main spindle 123 when, as in the presentcase, the gears 204 and 212 have been chosen forcutting a right hand thread.

Two rollers 224, which can come into contact with the collar 217, tened on an. arm 225 which is pivoted by a pin 226 to a lug'of the spindle carrier half 207. Another roller 227 is also pivoted to the arm 225 and is located in the path of a lever 228, which swings on a stud 229 screwed to the thread -mechanism bracket 208. A spring 230 pushes the lever 228 against the roller 227 bringing thereby the rollers'224 to bear against the face of the collar 217 and pulling the cone clutch 215 out of en-' gagement with the gear 212 overcoming the resistance ofv the spring 223. A plate 232,

shaped like a quarter of a ring with a gradual rise on one end and cut off squarely at the other end 232, is fastened to the side of the cam 231 and pushes in the corresponding position the nose 233, which .is fastened to the lever 228, against the pressure of the .spring 230 back, releasing thereby the arm 225 and allowing the spring 223 to engage the cone clutch with the gear 212. The point 232 is adjusted so that the nose 233 drops off with the spindle furthest advanced 'towards the material, thus timing exactly the moment of the reversal of the relative motion'between the threading spindle and the main shaft with the moment of the reversa of the axial movement of the threading spindle.

A slide 234 with a nose 235 fastened to it is held by the pull of a spring 236 against the cam 231. Two adjustable guide pieces 237 and 238 are fastened to the slide with means of a screw 239, sliding with one end by are rotatably fas-,

a head in a T slot which is cut into the body of the slideat right angles to the movement (see also Fig. 41). A scale 240 and an adjusting screw 241 with graduations on the head provide easy means for adjustment; a nut 242 clamps the slide. The otherend of the pieces 237 and 238 are guided with slots over shoulder studs 243 and 244 pushed into the slide 234. The arrangement and adjustment of these guide pieces is very similar to the construction of the guides 96 and 97 for actuating the feed mechanism.v

To transmit the movement from the guides 237 and 238 to the threading spindle 218, there is arranged a lever 246.- with a roller 245 at one end. The lever-246 is fastened the guide pieces rigidly to 248. The arm 248 is pinned to a rod 249 resting against the spindle 218.

and is held by means of aspring 250 against v the face of the tubular part 251, which is pressed into the bushing 211, a screw 252 holding the rod 249 and the lever 246 against turning, a slot in the rod 249 allowing a certain movement endwise. This elastic connection has been provided in order to prevent any damage in case the threading spindle meets undue resistance. To reduce friction a ball 253 resting on three small balls has been inserted into the end of the lever 246 The .cam 231 for advancing the spindle rotates in the direction indicated by the ar row on Fig. 13. It has a portion with a steep rise and then up to the point 231 a considerable part with constant rise. designed tov move the slide 234 equal distances for equal angular movements of the cam. As the relation of rotation of the camshaft 61 and of the main spindle 123 and also the .relation of the main spindle and the threadi ing spindle 218 is fixed by gears, it is possible to adjust the guide 237 to an angle so as to advance the spindle 218 the correct amount for the lead of the part being threaded. The drop of the cam 231 from I the point 231? on is also designed with a constant decrease which makes the threading' spindle move off at the proper speed.

The guide 238 is adjusted to a greater angle in order to move the threading spindle out of the way when not in operation.

The spindle carrier 206 and 207 is mounted rotatably on the axis of the main shaft as has been described previously. screw 254 passing through the head of one of the connecting bolts of the carrier halves permits the exact alignment of the threading spindle with the main spindle. A spring 255 is located in the spring barrel 256, which is pivoted on two pintle screws 257, and pushes by means of a spring plunger 258, which is pivoted to a lug of the carrier 207, the stop screw 254 onto its seat. (See also Fig. 21.) In order to swingthe carrier out of the way, which is of advantage in exchanging collets and forremoving the short ends of material left of each bar, the operator only pushes against the top of the carrier 206 and 207 compressing the spring 255 and swinging the spring barrel 256 until the line of action of the spring passes the turning axis and the carrier is brought against the bracket 208. The roller 227 rolls during this movement on a correspondingly formed surface of the lever 228, While the lever 246 moves away from the guide piece 238 but is brought up against it by the return of the carrier to the' normal position.

The main cam shaft consists of two parts 61 and 61* and is driven by the worm gear as shown previously. '(Figs. 3, 10 and A stop 16.) A coupling sleeve 259 is pinned to the end of the part 61, while the part 61 is connected to it by screws 260 which clamp the split sleeve ontothe shaft. The cam 201 fits cam establishes a positive relation. A nut 262 holds the cam against the shoulder, of the sleeve. Another cam carrying sleeve 263 is pinned to the shaft 61 and the cam 203 is held by a nut 264 against a shoulder of this sleeve, 'a pin 265 establishing the relation between cam and cam shaft. A pin 266 driven into the shoulder from the opposite side fits into a slot of the sleeve 267, which is mounted rotatably over the hub of a'cam 268. Three screws 269, 120 apart, passing through slots of the sleeve 267 are screwed into the cam 268 allowing a considerable degree of adjustment of the cam 268 in relation to the cam 203. r A cam 270 is fastened to the cam 268. A thrust washer 271 is in terpose d between the cam 268 and a bearing of the thread mechanism bracket 208. The thread mechanism actuatingv cam 23 is pulled up against a shoulder of the cam shaft 61 by a nut 272, a key establishing the proper relation.

Thus the cams on the auxiliary camshaft stand in unchangeable relation to the cam 201, which actuates the turning tool, while the form tool cam 203 and the thread mechanism cam' 231 are tied together but the latter two can beadjusted in relation to the former cams by loosening the clamping screws 260 and by turning the camshaft 61 in relation to 61 indicating lines being provided on the parts 259 and 263.

A slotting saw 273 is mounted between a collar 275 and a nut 274 on a shaft 276 which latter is supported in bearings of a housing 277. (Figs. 2, a, 4, 12,22 and 23.) j

A spiral gear 278 is fastened to the other end of the shaft 276 and .is driven by the gear 279 which is out onto the end of the intermediary shaft 47. The housing 277 fits slidingly over a bushing 280,1Vhl0l1i8 fastened in bores of the main frame 142 and the gear case 19, and is heldby a screw 281 passingthrough an elongated-hole of a lug v 277 to a seat on the main frame 142. By

' means of this slot it is possiblelto. adjust the housing with shaft and slotting saw back and forth in correspondence with the length split hub to a sleeve 284, which latterslides and turns on a rod 286 pinned to the thread mechanism bracket 208. A lever 288 is pivoted on a stud to a boss of the mainframe and carries at one end two rollers 287 which fit into a groove cut into the sleeve 284, while a roller 289 at the other end is held in contact with the face of. the cam 268 by a spring 297 mounted on the rod 286 and pressing against the sleeve 284. In this way the screw is not fed positively against the slotting saw, but by the elastic pressure of a spring. The swinging movement of the arm 282 is controlled by the cam 270 through the lever 291, which is ivoted to a boss of the thread mechanism racket 208 and carries atone end a roller 292 in contact with the cam, while the roller 293 at the other end rests on a square sleeve 290 pivoted by a stud to a lug of the arm 282. A lever 295 pivoted to the lever 291 holds by means of a roller 294 and an adjustable spring 296 the-sleeve 290 and the arm 282 against the roller 293, a spring 298 holding the roller 292 against the cam 270. Thus the movement of the arm 282 in both directions is controlled by springs, and adjustable stops 311 and 312 are provided, the former in the arm 282 and the latter in the housing 277. A pin 299 for removing the slotted pieces out of the bushing 283 is fastened in a cover 300 which is attached to the housing 277. The completed parts drop into a container 301 fastened to a lug of the slotting saw housing.

A reservoir for lubricant has been provided in the upper part of the stand 5 by a wall 302, a cross wall 309 dividing the space into two compartments, of which the larger one serves for allowing impurities and chips to settle, while the lubricant is pumped out of the second and thrown onto the cutting tools returning through a cover 313 with a fine-meshed screen to the larger compartment. (Figs. 14 and 15.)- The opening in the cover wall is large enough to permit the removal of any sediment. Two gears 304 and 307 are located in a housing 305, which is screwed to a seat on the stand 5, a plate 306 being interposed The gear 304 is fastened to one end of a shaft 303 while the pulley 10 is'secured to the other end of this shaft. this pulley being rotated by the drive belt 8 as previously shown. The suction space between and underneath the two gears is connected by a bore 310 in the intermediary plate 306 to the suction pipe 308, while the compression s ace is connected on the one hand by an ob ique hole 315 to the pressure line 316 which leads through a hole in the cover wall 314 to the cutting tools, a cock 317 being interposed for regulating the amount of flow of the lubricant or shutting it off entirely. On the other hand the compression space is connected to a relief valve screwed into the plate 306 and consisting of a tubular part 318,-a spring 319, a ball 320 and a cap 321 with a hole for holding the spring in place. As soon as the ressure rises above a certain point determined by the tension of the spring 319 the ball 320 if lifted from its seat and the fluid escapes through the hole in the cap 321.

The various mechanisms are grouped in units which can be removed readily as a whole from the machine. The machine proper is screwed to pads 322 and 323 cast on the cover wall 314 and can be taken off the seat bodily after loosening these connectmg screws.

The gear case 19 is fastened to the main frame 142 by two screws 324 on the right hand end and by two screws 325 on the rear (Figs. 3, 4 and 16). To remove the gear case together with the feed actuating slide it is necessary to take off the drive belt 8, open the cover 91 and swing the arm 111 towards the front, to loosen the screws 260 for breakingthe coupling of the cam shaft 61 and 61 and remove the screws 324 and 325. Now the gear case can be taken off, the interi'nediary shaft 47 and the main shaft.50 coming off together with case.

The thread mechanism on the other end is mounted on the bracket 208 and can be pulled off complete after taking out the fastening screws-326 and taking off the nut 272 and the cam 231 on the end of the cam shaft 61. After removing the thread mechanism the slotting arrangement may be taken off by removing the screw 281 and sliding the complete housing off the intermediary shaft 47 or rather off the tube 280.

After having explained in detail the con-.

struetion of the various mechanisms of this machme and their. functions, I will show the gear how by means of these improvements and their combination a part, which is suitable for the range of a machine of this kind, can be manufactured at an exceedingly fast rate, in fact several times as fast as was heretofore possible, and I am also going to explain how one set of cams is suflicientfor all ordinary parts.

To produce a screw, for instance as shown in the Figures 24 to 35, it is necessary to perform a number of operations namely turn the body, out a thread onto it, cut the part off, cut the screw slot into the head, and advance he material for the next part. The time it takes to produce a piece is thesum of the times necessary for the single operations. Any operation of course, which is performed together with other operations, is not to be counted. Multiple spindle machines have been constructed and are used widely where one piece is completed during the time necessary for' the longest single operation. A number of spindles and rods of material are arranged in the machine with a similar number of working stations and the rods pass from one station to the next until the part is completed after having passed all stations.

With the present construction it is also short parts,

is beginning its steady rise possible to complete one part during the tlme taken for the longest operation. For

of the turned body of not more than two and a half times the diameter, and only a very limited number of'parts do not fall under this category, the cut off operation is the longest operation. The other operations are all performed during the time taken for completing the cut off as is shown in the diagrams Figs. 24=t0 35. The arrows on the diagrams indicate the 'direction of movement of the material, threading die, cut off and forming tool.

. Fig. 24 shows instrumentalities during the fast movement of the auxiliary cam shaft when the feed actuating slide 84 has just passed the lowest position and the feed mechanism with the cut off tool carrier is beginning to move forward. At this moment the-turning tool T stands stationary, away from the path of the material, the threading die D is moving towards the material and rotates at a faster speed than thef'rod *of material M, on which the body of the screw has been turned. and which is moving outwards together with the cut off tool C under the influence of the fast rotating. cam 82. The slotting arm S is carrying the completed screw to the slotting saw. I

Fig. 25 shows the position shortly after the slow movement of the auxiliary cam shaft has begun, the material is standing still due to a straight portion on cam 82, the threading die is running on,' the out 01f tool work and the turning tool swings slowly into the material.

Fig. 26 shows the position after completing the thread. The die is standing still and running off, the cut off tool has advanced deeper, the turning tool has completed its movement into the material and stands still. The material together with thecutofi tool begins to move forward on. account of on cam 82 pushingthe guide 97 over the roller 98, the turning tool beginning to cut by reason of this movement of the material."- 5-. p

Fig, 27 show the cutting ofl' process advanced further and a part of the turning done. The slotting arm is moving into position for taking'the. next screw.

' Fig. 28 shows the cutting oif" of the screw.

The turning is completed because the feeding of the material and the simultaneous ad- 7 vanceofthe cutting off tool is stopped on accountof the roller 85 riding on a circular part of the cam 82, slide 84 having reached tl'ielhigh'est possible position.

, Fig. 29'showshow the cutting off tool has advanced a trifle further to remove the tit remaining on the point of" the screw, the turning tool has been swung back, the slotting arm has carried the completed part that is for parts with a length the position of the various'tirely independent one of the other.

of the cam shaft increased by position of the two parts 61 and 61" revolution of the auxiliary cam shaft away. The cutting off tool is now going to swing out of the material and to move back for the next piece, which movements are completed quickly by the auxiliary cam. shaft.

For comparing with the Fi res 23 to 29, there is shown another set of iagrams Fi 30, to .35, which shows the completion of tin e same screw in identical sta es by another method, using a formtool or turning the body instead of the turning tool employed. Of course on parts of a more complicated shape both form and turning tools are used simultaneously because they are arranged en- In order to use a form tool instead of a turning tool, it is necessary to. adjust the guide 97 vertical and the guide 96 to an in.- clination corresponding to the total feeding movement required, completing in this manner the feeding operation during the period of the fast movement of the auxiliary cam shaft. No other changes are required, e ecially no new cams have to be inserted. e formtoolmay be placed either in the form or the turning tool carrier, preferably in the former, because it is mounted on the cut off tool carrier and any inaccuracy in adjusting the slide 97 vertically does not cause any trouble as only a slight feeding movement 5 of the total combination can take place.

To produce a screw of a difierent diameter for instancedarger as shown in Fig. 36, the radial movement of the cut off tool car- I rier must be increased by moving theroller 100 174 (Fig. 11) upwards. The spindle speed must be decreased by exchanging the gears 48, 49 (Fig. 9) and the ratio of the number of the spindle revolutions to onerevolution changing the gears 51 and 52, in case the cutting s eed and chip thickness is wanted to be 1 ept uniform.

For extreme changes in diameter also become necessary to change the it may relative no of the main cam shaft, because the fast speed of the auxiliary cam shaft remains constant, while the speed of the main cam shaft and of the slow movement of the auxiliary cam shaft changes at an inverse ratio with the square of the diameter of the material. Although the time consumed for the fast part of each as very short-about one sixth of a second in the trial machine which has been built and operated-for parts of small diameter it may become important, as in this case the-cam shaft completes each revolution in about one and one third in such a case the main cam shaft turns 50 during the time used by the auxiliary cam shaft for the fast part of each revolution (205 in this extreme case). Some operations, for instance turning, should be tied up 180 of a second. This" means that to the beginning of the period of fast movement because the turning tool should just have been swung out of the way when the material advances. On the other hand, the

threading and forming operations should be- 'the guides 96 and -97 have to be adjusted correspondingly and the slotting attachment has to be moved a trifle sideways.

To produce a screw Fig. 39. with a differently shaped head only cut off and turning tools of corresponding form need be employed.

A screw 40 with a turned down portion of the'head" requires a form tool for shaping this part and a turning tool for turning the body.

These examples show that it is possible to produce a great variety of screws and similar turned parts on a machine of this kind, without changing cams, during the time taken for the completion of the longest operation, the cut off operation, plus the fraction of a second required for the unproductive operations.

In case another operation for instance the turning operation should take somewhat longer than is possible with the-feed ordinarily used for the cut off .tool, this feed may be decreased a trifle by increasing the gear ratio-between the main spindle and the cam shaft, producing in this case the part with'only a small increase of time.

Of course, if for any purpose it is desirable to exchange a cam, this may be done readily by using the known slip on construction with the hole in the cam slotted out to the circular part of the curve, the part which has been cut out being fastened to the shoulder of the cam carrying sleeve.

If parts requiring principally a cut off operation, like pins, rollers etc. with rather a great length in comparison to the diameter are to be made, it is to advantage to cut off right close to the collet. For this purpose the cut off tool carrier 155 is taken out of the arm 156, any axial movement of the bushing 164: is prevented by suitable collars on the tube 149 and the cut off tool is inserted the form tool holder 165.

Having now fully explained my invention 1 do not wlsh to be understood as limiting myself to the exact details of construction as obviously many modifications will occur to :a person skilled in the art.

What I claim is:

1, In turning and screw cutting machines material feeding means reciprocating in an axial direction, rotatable material steadying means without axial movement adapted to automatically grip the material when ad- Vanced by the feeding means, a drive shaft at one side of the axis of the feeding means adapted to rotate said material steadying means, cutting means connected to and moving axially of said shaft and means for swlnging the cutting means to and from operative position.

2. In turning and screw cutting machines a material feeding mechanism including a gripping device for the material, means for moving said feeding mechanism to and fro in an'axial direction, driving means for rotat-ing said gripping device, cutting means connected to and moving axially with said feeding mechanism, and means for supporting the bar of material close to the cutting means adapted to be driven by said driving means, said supporting means being held against axial movement and adapted to automatically grip the material when advanced by the feeding mechanism.

3. In turning and screw cutting machines a reciprocating material feeding mechanism, material steadying-means. held against axial movement and adapted to automatically rip the material when advanced by the feeding mechanism, cutting means connected to and moving axially with said feeding mechanism, means for moving said cutting means at right angles to the axial movement and driving means located between the feeding mechanism and steadying means adapted to simultaneously rotate the same.

4. In turning and screw cutting machines a reciprocating material feeding mechanism rotating with the bar of material, means for supporting the material means forpreventing axial movement of said supporting means, different means for causing said supporting means to automatically grip the bar of material subsequent to each advancing stroke of the feeding mechanism, and cutting means connected to and moving axially with said feeding mechanism.

5. In turning and screw cutting machines reciprocally mounted feeding means for moving a bar of material in one direction adapted to slide over the bar when moving in the opposite direction, cutting means moving with the feeding means, automatic gripping means for supporting the bar of material close to said cutting means adapted to operate following each advancing stroke of the feeding means, means for moving said cutting means at right angles to the 

